Operating System Concept Map

For the OS theory Concept Map, I was able to go over the contemporary operating system, threads and process synchronization, memory management, file systems, mass storage, input and output devices, and end with security and protection, which all of this was around the overall operating system. Throughout this summary post, I will be briefly going over these items.

            Starting off with the contemporary operating system, there are major functions and the systems hierarchy to be aware of.

• Major Functions of operating systems
• Device Management: controls communication between different pieces of hardware and the main system. (Manages devices connected to the computer like scanners or printers.)
• Memory Management: the management of the memory within the computer. (The designation of where the memory is stored/used. When looking at memory, main and secondary memory are the two looked at).
• Process Management: manages the different processes in which are running. (process running or stopping).
• File System Management: how the computer stores the different files/information/data. (The creation and deletion of the files).
• Security: The computer provides different levels of security for data and access to the device. (Passwords, profile privileges, and another authentication.)
• Networking: manages the communication of different devices within a network. (the network drivers)
•  The Hierarchy 
• Program execution: process of running/loading programs
• Input/output operations: the drivers which are used to provide communication between hardware.
• File system: where data are stored (main or secondary) which is organized in a directory.
• Communication: communication between all processes
• Error detection: the OS checks for errors and attempts to correct.
• Resource allocation: the scheduling of resources to facilitate strong usage of the CPU.
• Protection: protection of the device from external inputs and proper authorization is followed for access and resources.

For the next section, I will discuss how operating systems enable processes to share and exchange information. There are a few different items in which play a part in the operating system sharing information. One way is the process of sharing memory and space. Additionally, there is the use of an access matrix which organizes the who and the what of access to files and domains. Furthermore, there is the use of process and the task control block (Process Control Block).

    To move to the next part, I will discuss how main memory and virtual memory can solve memory management issues. When it comes to memory management, this function is overall crucial to the computer. Memory management is responsible for ensuring that the amount of memory is used as needed and then cleared when no longer needed. With this responsibility, there is an effect on the system’s speed and performance. Additionally, with memory management there is the responsibility of ensuring only certain areas of memory are used when authorized. The memory-management unit completed the mapping of the virtual to physical. When it comes to the question of mapping. There is segmentation, in which the physical and virtual addresses will divide the data to map them. Additionally, there is paging which separates the data into same equal size data (the logical/virtual address gets mapped to the physical through the use of paging). Overall, the OS uses these two to manage memory more effectively.

    Next, I will look at how files, mass storage, and I/O are handled in a modern computer system. When it comes to the input and output, this is handled through the subsystem of the I/O in the kernel. Which here is where the appropriate drivers and software are used based on the type of I/O (monitor, keyboard, or mouse for example). For memory, there is the use of hard drive or solid-state drives. And for files, these fall into the file system management and are placed in certain directory structures (single-level, two-level, tree-structured, acyclic graph, or general graph).

    Now we will look at the mechanisms necessary to control the access of programs or users to the resources. There are different forms of protection, domain-based and language-based. For domain, there are different groups within the system and each group (domain) has its own access to certain things. For language, whatever language the system is using. So, Java or Python for example are used to enforce certain policies and further strengthen security. Which of these can work with an access matrix, a table which uses the rows and columns to grant/deny rights. The columns will show the files/source while the row will be whatever domain. And when these two items meet, it will provide access rights.

    Lastly, I will state how I could use these concepts about operating systems theory in the future. I feel like this information is a good step in learning better ways to enable security and protection of computer systems. When it comes to security in the world, it is a task that is entrusted to everyone. And being able to learn about the domains, the access matrix, and other items within the operating system will assist in developing a stronger foundation.

URL: https://viewer.diagrams.net/?tags=%7B%7D&highlight=0000ff&layers=1&nav=1&title=James%20Concept%20Map%20Final.drawio#R7V3dd6O20%2F5bfhc5p3vhHD4M2JdJdre77X6kSXa3fW96FKzYNBhcwHHcv%2F6VANkgyUYQQCLrnrYxHxb4mUej0cxodGZeLZ9%2FjcBq8TmcQf%2FM0GbPZ%2BbbM8MwLE1Hf%2FCZbXbGMSfZiXnkzbJT%2Bv7ErfcfzE9q%2Bdm1N4Nx6cYkDP3EW5VPumEQQDcpnQNRFG7Ktz2EfvmpKzCHzIlbF%2Fjs2R%2FeLFlkZyeGsz%2F%2FAXrzBXmybk%2BzK0tAbs5%2FSbwAs3BTOGW%2BOzOvojBMsk%2FL5yvoY%2FAILj8%2Bbn%2F4nx7tX3%2F7I%2F4XfLv8%2Fe7L91HW2Ps6X9n9hAgGSeOmg%2BtH5%2BKDs7QWjyvv%2FeLvzWRzR5p%2BAv46x%2BvMsH30kMs1%2BjDHH8iJhxA9HMvJD6P0VvvfdZjdYD48TDRNK57Kvvt1BSOQeMEcffF2GydwSVpD75k1WH4IOs08%2BD4iZ365jkIXxjFq7TMIsOCNK%2FwZLsNoS528TcIoPSifhe468pJtdvQFJpswekTv9yYXcbIlvEHSXuGPq%2FyR5uVm4SXwdgVcfHqDegs6t0iWPjrS8WsC93Eehetg9nWd%2BF4A8%2FP4Z%2BbdQrfTnyUkTCIZGCXwuUDlXLi%2FwnAJk%2FRX51dNM%2Bdp3lF1crzZ097Q8nOLIuXJjSDvavNd23s6oQ85o2qwy2DYhQQ4jwBigfbuGYki8cKAQT7FEM5y%2BCpQ7wvdkVNG19RZdHWDg67dFbgmA%2B5H1M5XdCrvdWEQDwNb5aAdM9C%2B93xY0GFDQHU3AisDq8XAehUul%2BvAc8FwFIFpmeeWYsDaDLDvkOWEhk3tLUyQUTUYcB3lVIHDQHsD43AduVgdXPh%2BOCTu2qZq8E54FsKOshpuvGi0DQHk8VQ1kKcMyN9iGLFoLsLl%2FVrA0u1N1TrjMpIskBMOjpOucCSCLM2WKBBhMLvAs1Z05Pogjj0XARQnIErY0wVI90zWKIAN8v38xAQdo4cUjlDneNp1AiSCaPsnbgeNUvnhX8Vrb5%2Fzh2RHW3L07CWFr6GjvwpX9l%2FCB%2BQ79eSea83KuSj6rXOYVNMZzkoTf5ZFBZpYHJqQcxH0kQp%2FKrsLeNzJn3AdeulEmHR3g7YHdIsiYPbL8%2B8VZ%2Bh0Uw7TlEY1lYHDNJXSeffTX8BwdsamMMOL%2FNbODUuQ4vq5NjGLJD%2B3TPMo0fHBNYw8BC%2BM5JLfVov8LGPpUUyU%2FBbbj%2FSeyc%2FOqNUjP%2BFwgb%2B6ikraUYqnFjWvMMYNWWob5Yb0ac8cZV0Tr4Cjh4yWvQ7na3RJ3J6cuN0Jt1n%2FkLLc1s4dcTu5QG97bJSs8nOt0mrBRx0bH5Yg8fUT8TshPuu%2FU5j4tjYpGc%2Ba7cg2nscn%2FkrlL%2BskVY%2B%2Fex3s1LIxdsQvkX6n%2FZUyuo0Tv4sNIWaBbeG2Fb4h7qQHsH5shXtAM7%2FgRHcKXWCknVfY9N2rfXOQal%2Bn4gMG7eYQ7Ra7%2FnTI9dKe2v%2Fz69v%2Fiz%2B9vdW%2F3HlTuP3wdvXwBye7oxvO74iLOKeVdfe5lnnu6trP%2FXq7uegNk7wjW29JqY92cRpCX%2BelWv3Agyx6%2BLBLiXLoQ9Zkq52D9SXuc9eukBKPQtzEpR%2B6j2yv8X1vFaODqkAciFdZyuSD94y7S4fZT%2FYBsfcQi%2BPiy%2FrBbr1gnibp3C0iCGZDQNW2FEOV9cB8XvuJNyhQLc1SC1R2dr9XBbcJSOAQUDUPGfOyUG0656w2M%2FSzGtPDeoAXR%2FtjXFFltGfG6KbRvRFlqxrdBba5uDadn1WzRTt3yiaprjcySVsmkqUWkWj1MVgisblU7RFpQk9unB6CA5VMGqvFpPFrUUmcbLKryEs8F%2BCv3kL%2FUOKuaJpeZ7YAbWFZmmRbgBNA%2BQJR%2F7tglxDdrIMAr0fiXfsBvOTQtRtk%2FW65V%2B5gtPQCZMbN0suUtJQ14ExbttD6iho0cfY0TaOsJ75KJxEh9tDsRtrF2TQjUraONlgdTRRAvAJBiaxk7WO%2BQPICwzi%2F%2F0XLlhqSP29SkmjYjz96AEvPz5SK9gH6TxAr%2F8L1OPXk46u6sXouXsgeiq8EYbREA8b%2B2hOIPID%2B%2Bt4cJOsIL709ep8LVodu2eTMwBfHWkZvzYcJMjVG6Oe7RFeWvhlGqwUI8iaN7BzSUcnIQ10yyFvTyM9JryQR%2BsIDaoO0htdOXmZsTdf%2FFprahNGs%2FPBdW%2Bh97x891BxuM06i8BGOcr6X7tsv1BxRsjIsPRNT8cObwpvOoBtmS%2BtGycJzH4N0ZSj%2BuhegsYNgQN9bkNfR%2BwqvU7rvwQ9BQoMz8%2BKVD7bk9nTFqaH9z1uuwigBQb6CllqQexXO8F0j9N9bkID8I17dFheW4GbcJqtwafujpFyrxjdEwwCraSR6bKB26EujxzeOg4K77KKN1a985cEurr6Bcy9GQGCwwRJjFdzHq0yenFMjsdtuE8DxIteSU39icaSLhXXNH%2B0VSsJqjQXYzhvhu4OV9cgTtg8FQw41eRAanUHIS4A8WRuNrI184MGnC2PPyRJRxhLZK4cOzI7OdAazuFO6zuDljp50xklnnHSGMjpDOTuDjYapPIVg7LSpbPzYIJDK%2BDFjlmz8yBxkKPipxj%2BTdSwcSM9RA0C6A485FTF4ALZREIMPoDEsAOkeLB9A1oeiNoDKMZD1ligNIO3GG3NCvlw3Hp3U2x6CfS25GHL4MAe%2FMnxIFKIq8UOTSje2aLelcADRpPLVx3Q8u%2BMI4pi1dTqiaYFy5uSslEg0ra6NougqCYOzTGII%2BW60yd1WANzsOQA%2B5hUIPmlZbpLA0DLpBsjRpftjNHWipwv7Ny38Xf%2Frz7vryxGrYamC0EuYP7iT%2Bs6d2VyG3dDmasNq5SLduzJoogo0ixr9bN2pUAgt19g4xtKhrffbZVwREjZf70e1JJrLVXu9365PUA9qa70fV7ysR%2BF6sY3zZF4wm0Xpeh%2B6s4iu8%2BlNx%2FBSeXd12Hj8al3HsJ6Fz5%2B%2FDQG5iWzkWJfCdy9K1ikDLwbDwN2aSGk4niKqp4jqzxJR%2FQCi2QZ1anTnL1fX396IRlaJ9byAz2AeIhFfrgrmU352Z1EZ1folXf9AKpv0qW8cTlVpXbdJLdJ%2B7GoJTqKJTa1bFCilwSnsuJ%2BvHzHMOzatOeW%2Fjil2RUxrekGOTdvDwmWjKXvXokfGPssj8fnNWsed89tpWP7ctowSvTWrz9rQx%2BYWlfzW1OA3mSlaU6JE6zKa2qaC05J8SvdViLfgGJ0WFe%2BoGTX795kem%2BVVUtpQg9LEtKDDyM0pPtIdWmsrR%2FG%2B6vEWnXeUUYL3aWxSn3E4RompFMOZeKmjm%2Be2o%2B3%2BoVpsXO2rol355OdU7cm2k7wD9z5bskf%2BqnydGjWtad5%2Fe1jgzYewtwXe3Mo9wiZfDcXRso7gLe8egJIwtfK%2BTNakqZ1nUQ2ZYmNgg07%2B3fwMfkvm3%2BFm%2FJ82Nf%2F73f12wd%2F99izdsSt1kZycfien39nrc%2FrRWyNn8fEDjr9if9h%2FVG3002nTXBcNI9C1pJsMf1zlwvo8bpNo7eKuih8XzND%2Fb90FnK39dINsGtI6ext2BeuUcpb2upchF1V22o3seKw2QODucb2BvgfuPf%2FFm0Z2x1eZu%2FNykWVne21tb9oZiLQvXz6I7KzhY7BaJztifl0n6aGScI6V4yRnoVVa5Xf0CT5Bn4Ex3nhLHwQSw9kTkTx5mwMhkw3TGoac4NJbL4JukqbI0cVEKERfXr7sqFyrcd3hyMDIQ7EzIursVGFAIJKrdC6XbFBZEwnXXFEPP2JTSgeMTY5SE7ADhJMPYFOXttCyi5LrWjjgWMx3r7uV5zExFb1PRweGovfpaD9VxP1EWSmjpmuDKONx1N3KID6qTXd9e5Vc5FQjPqoCT1xslYtNo9n1UvhFwnIN%2BMtyUdQrf8xxU0nFqVJMnNKxaXrlrSgVp3T2RXfLefhcZMNGd5tQ2RmfzlrVrJFj8GbN3U35SIGSYu9FLL3ND8MoWYTzMAD%2Bu%2F1Zqv%2Fu7%2FkUhqscw39gkmzzJE2wTsIywvthxBAfR9rr80fJVD0ATQR7PZFkZbcX7s8vEjXprLJE7bxmUYvavf2ImrPJpHQfxE5ZC%2BtLZnRhlGWvM0LDYaBSVVW23g%2Bmov1A1Obupx%2BQ8mWyRDZAjScsadHVpz1pPNb%2FP0CNx2SNylZ5bECgTy9iDQCJ25CzVcmYgxi9NLk9xFjvv6KIkauHNkmShqAxMAQt1QCU6%2FpvQMEDu%2B5KQ5BXNTGCLILiLoV0M%2Fb8ixoLZEv%2BBWbjJk75SS6S3UFpmQxqfVpgJZeiI%2BxTNLqwwUxRryIpsVZpg5lqWdskRfent7bbl%2FRYLVcSWYAkR9LlRcVG3Tz8vjqnaA2vnrx%2FrFn1GXg4Xb0wT%2BrHQjBrj2x0%2FTF2WDsWLmk%2Fs1SyJ6iRopM8pnGWcfKxVcuvwClfLN2vUKP%2FbMv9R1aHsXQGG0lW4EDsAs6SUH5vUcwCNIaiGOVJzFBKYpzq4kPSb%2BQqNfGVre%2FGg4yqy7UQyBSnugeJFnDuSefJDasPbmwTl7NaEyhOefYBakra28%2FJQOpXU8qNl9Q3pXXO2NKrc3rMjtiKInYgPiIdQDazX20AmbUR0hFkfUlqI0gXlJaPoNwYXQMOqtaLLXZNxIW7dX3PZUCUn%2Fk7oRyYvMrFu70QSoG57pYfy52ilFz4feX6HyVSpeFqiSaDWrl7WBHD1ZE7QVFpMtq%2BrEn%2FVEXWUh2ttav9FhPDlRe1JbqKpye%2FA5vjfROGbMGIjkyI3fhbIz3FKg2CnCieyRkC6XVy7fUVuakp7TurxSnviGo3tZzVjkJpB6LaTapqE5azYmEkdl3ftxjv5a6saiub94K7tnfmVHNsBir1bXu5VgCx44bWVZwhpqIMRNKim0D0I2ny3sNRikbZ3uPsetWvVhxgULZUprioI%2FuyIESXgynWWSaSfR5DdHkIi3qilqjl5pY1EvUw5KyWG5O892DGv10lD0VmBWQyLynm1ABAKuTECZr0GnKyWY%2Bb4gBStaJ4RfX6RZCd2CuOILUg2%2BDky%2FSLoNzsjwazACpwbHAqBfeKoDPEmhByTUObs%2FnIUXYqYjLYbI7A%2B9CfqWw00EES%2BYOe3EyV%2Bgg6imnsCWt2%2FQoDGAElS9TRA54CmSoThZaQS81UIUyq1NcTUX09USukPZG8gFyhTJX2ZT011JL1AGO53cSoOhC1Ys5Y1gzrM1NlNwAPNlNlMpggX%2BuUF3VWTtVyVk6kTjKVyVRpX866plb8nby4JK90A92mllOaJMYPyriXawYQQ25wfWU6wEid3IlcDVGrZd2TFx%2BOWlQsWWUqOTlZoWQV8d4iOj9SrrcMsXCeXLeHsKynamWrTNm5sNqKUbUshqncEHIDABXLYtA1ydqmtA%2BINpChRXSRmGKut6nclJUGvYXa9EN6usCu%2BMJgIFQu40LXhjjxk2vf7ExUAWNWrSXIuzeXlnXxcoe%2FAoO03LSL%2BhCqlnaha51u4GtNitphpJ1rE7NCRaRH1zDy0A9EneGQ3njRhpS6oNIQnf%2F2syElXR6FiaQJb0h5KOG1rw0ptS536h3TlLOdJpSrXzpQEklFkwl72jWVqiHFqC5hkjoHZoS9kZSdQreoGetYTYVJoT0uxWIm4%2FFRSuIDRXSpaDnSnmhKBfgYT4wwTQ9tDNUbTdm5q2Sa1omrSyKjqPuhJzJSzi8mSVSYjJSFoNNbVndNRtKrapMxRm%2BWNOJo2eVV5fHql6PB9aNz8cFZWovHlfd%2B8fdmsrkT5qjoDg%2F9cNSih%2BOp1YyjjjGWqzB1duLdnsK0KRespjWa7xxwA%2Fdqf4p6Viy1lKlDGaBW05HdoRyEFr27fOdEZZ0brRG1ofmpPBmJR%2BZExqwhRA6wLdy2wjfEh19Y1%2BgarLltsid31mTLVGfXa56oXmUfiOby%2FiRUb4%2BMHbpEXzqfUpKJplqmqk0RyNabMpGal1lGZ0y0Pv5998%2B%2F7s33r9fj9cXl6Msf2tNuXeKeh9dRmEA38cKAYWS8ACv8EUkf%2BD70w3kElogTq4JpWbpWsDkr9%2BXFYZE8gtjlukqbGnwsTkx2tw1y21u7c0XAzhVuobuOvGT7KgUwdsxzSzERNLWCm7sUqMx1XVBPa%2BcTZ1ryK2i606N79hiBizqc65UQzf%2FrydtAGxO0I0tUhVu0MdGzCm9q176AvFPTLLIXnaiOufITmgWyzjpmL8dXdmJvf%2BxlDeFPIJivwRyO7kGMyIdEfdgiQQ%2FwVjGsHt26Gs0cEsIjhiAn20InW9e2nZbLBZSNe78Nl8ALBgGnTaUN2Jwk537hbBqhbSfaIGwXCKvUlrUnJ%2Fn%2FmJY9ac92tSe75rXzsb%2BZ3SqLn9aJn1LdC%2BzktnOCapRt6hgvC4%2BJm6vNufv3O3inxw%2FW4usN0Jfjf77Y5vVIE%2BSuYsExel170%2Bws6dxlvQIXAQLGi9axepaTaU7KlpPBsZx0mxV7G3m%2FfPzYiem7wI22KzVNzzFVb83h1JrpGUB2bvQFJpswekQnbyG7vaJ0DM0Jbb5bsjHkFJ70IrgBPlv0Tz58lOq0bOkUbJr5V3v87jEQdZQoioyiY8Pmq%2FO6o%2BjYKTfEmJJdj6K9TVF4aXe9Mki0xktPDCK76r2UQZZhSmUQee8%2B5xC2XppEVE5zj80g5BFSdPJrqE3cpqnKNHGZIH3XxGWD650Tt2lYEafMFsOKhlFRg6v7sCKZPwyMvhZVv8gxGmYxW065oZ0x3T59j7kfStu6uzBGc1%2FtKkQ0CnELn0ESec8MrUmiQgLu0yXk7sLzZ5%2FANlwn5Cw5ytieJx6YmEdu6PtgFXvpV1NmRTghIkYyuYFxdmPGwRUISB94QK9EshfsDm10i54mTlkb%2FUBZbvswlUSNdK6gWDWTRXzQOXa5f0kyN1jDXC7CyPsPwQf8HEtS%2FfwDBDPq1GU4IyogSVf%2F408%2BfEjIfYgXj%2FAq9EOsFbxggXQEFvJ9mCThkogzRwV%2FnkXh6o708J0g8%2FdNjz3fJ%2B0FYVqSPc8wRb%2FHukT%2FIrCvsJvOQr%2FvCh3r%2B2P0L749ShBj0asBLyUDBHGygTFNvnGH5Dvaw6rJtyXEEuPapIX5IPeNDYZq2Vp4HtH2JfTF%2BEQL%2FhCV3DAIoJtrlkMUKcrV6Fuu9X1PrFxJpWFRseZt32Bkgnkqk5qtAR8N5QFIkEyQcRF3MaRwXKo3mBM0dxBsSdngAb43D7A1hJBPs9kwuJ4L%2FIv8wtKbzbJqJViaBXKUlQXWB7hASbxPdCvzLOcPh1INyWDUJQPlBOJww%2BZ0%2BTZKXnPf%2F1D5C1Jc5NTlG3V53XDYPs9x7b2gzwu01kOfP7RNlsbW1Tzxp0Z5LqJLX%2F2YwXrwfyCpopd9H732sWNclxUj%2B7xywwSdZzF2NnywMazd5IQzgJwmJ8OdnOicNH7%2B7KSFgmfcVxYo%2BfPiIYYdSg6xqmKI6VuelrA8a05Kqj1kdQYYqrUeBhiBDM8Ta9q3a5vTRqC1PuwS1rD9aewSpy4rRuUsecM65ySG9GqXCCQ2nHp9%2B7ORoQ8WbDbDzpzlzGdP5uyAzVmySU6VOUuH5dqL6wgkPvy8OmoqLNB69uwxcdZXUXRrfRgmAmkHJ9q0btC%2BgDcCrfXBG9ZV89MYtHpt%2Fytt0bIk6deeFVlpc%2Br1rRu0wx8tWPfHqw%2FJ7vpKjW0JKL86p7%2F3GpXl5hbafmpmo%2B5Skp397zrMomApeBfoYjS%2F%2FwWb8mfp7gDpnzcpfhqGdPQAlp6%2FzW79AP0niOVauJ6JCl%2FV7dVz8UL2UHwlCKMlnuXsrj2ByAPoL2IHSNaIExX3uUg5HLhlk0OML461LPdQ82GCeDhCP9%2F1gjn7zTBaLUCQN2lk5zCrRzmR8ekdl8k1L5ilXMIXNfJT0ytohhPED6h98qSUkRklwk35MZswmpVfbNcW%2Bi33jx5qDreZ8X6Uk6p03z1wH%2Bdp2ueIkqNh6ZkIix%2FeFN50Bt0wAnjV1ShZeO5jgJP40q97gZd4BB%2F63oIsj95XeJ3SfQ9%2BCBIanJkXr3ywJbf7XoDV4v%2B8JZ44Aoz05Z6w6NMc%2F71N0LPm%2BMYIztc%2ByBaQZWxHvScjfHYrO%2Bblc%2FAFfAZz9LVysaT87C6TFcurZp2kvhIP9QmdF8JxoXVVNYmvg3gmx0kHnXTQa9RBH1EX%2BYoliNRH%2Bsz4p9NAY%2BUUEK9u20kBnRTQa1RAedZcvI0TuEQfPmIhPWAd8bPpof1Ge%2Bpoor6K8BUxNiinygQ7S4JZ4chdR0%2FpV3cLwf4sHmRLverv4HpMjMXVWkv3x2jqRE8X9m9a%2BLv%2B159315ckEKPIaq0RVQ523LRaSX91fPkEbFpQuk8CcjdGcSoWGjbchaUeaytr8RBTo0jvo5MiRfht0pWkmi6mNelqPN0tpuXj2nQ%2FPxkaVjs39lWn8jq9LytD1c9mQkcZXU19tYqoDYD6OLQWYitvfzuyshafwxnEd%2Fw%2F